Tuberculosis (TB) Mucosal Vaccines: Current Efforts and Future Approaches

It is now known that the existing vaccination, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), unable to stop global Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, and TB continues pose a serious threat public health [1]. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causing agent, enters body by inhalation, predominantly respiratory infection Therefore, there solid evidence support idea mucosally administered vaccination would be more successful than one systemically. Our team in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) has been working with several organisations conjunction Malaysia’s National Vaccine Roadmap (PPVN) address this problem as well government's goal produce vaccines are high-quality, efficient, secure following guidelines established Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA).
 development of mucosal over past few years for worldwide USM outlined presentation. aims discuss immunological practical factors emphasises some current future approaches USM.
 As result, it acknowledged globally matching path immunisation an appealing strategy vaccines. Several have made vaccine candidate significantly induces immunity. The design study showed manipulation IgA, which hallmark immunity, multi-epitopes IgA: recombinant protein using goat’s milk bioreactor. concept oral in-vivo also important approach our effort maximise production immune system at point entry bacteria.
 In conclusion, boost prior or systemic immunisation, method might effective. addition immunity obtained injected vaccines, induce pathogen-specific IgA being developed provide first line defence these sites. combining concepts into developing new against promising alternative.